The role of the family in the process of socialization
The reason we turn out much like our parents, for better or worse, is that our families are such an important part of our socialization process. When we are born, our primary caregivers are almost always one or both of our parents. For several years we have more contact with them than with any other adults. Because this contact occurs in our most formative years, our parents’ interaction with us and the messages they teach us can have a profound impact throughout our lives. The ways in which our parents socialize us depend on many factors, two of the most important of which are our parents’ social class and our own biological sex.
Social class and parent-child relationships. that working-class parents tend to hold factory and other jobs in which they have little autonomy and instead are told what to do and how to do it. In such jobs, obedience is an important value, lest the workers be punished for not doing their jobs correctly. Working-class parents. emphasize obedience and respect for authority as they raise their children, and they should favor spanking as a primary way of disciplining their kids when they disobey. In contrast, middle-class parents tend to hold white-collar jobs where autonomy and independent judgment are valued and workers get ahead by being creative. These parents should emphasize independence as they raise their children and should be less likely than working-class parents to spank their kids when they disobey. If parents’ social class influences how they raise their children, it is also true that the sex of their children affects how they are socialized by their parents. Many studies find that parents raise their daughters and sons quite differently as they interact with them from birth. parents help their girls learn how to act and think “like girls,” and they help their boys learn how to act and think “like boys.” That is, they help their daughters and sons learn their gender
How the physical and material environment of the home influence of the development of a child
Most families frequently engaged their children in activities ranging across these dimensions; however, different patterns were observed across different social groups. Families in low socio-economic position households, living in disadvantaged neighborhoods, provided fewer learning experiences. This may in part be due to the challenges, families living in socially and economically disadvantaged circumstances face in accessing the financial and social resources needed to provide a rich early home learning environment for children
Children growing in single-parent households also have differences from children raised by a married couple. Some say that this is due to economic factors as two parents can divide the work in raising a child equally while being able to work and rest as well while a single parent would need to do all of it herself.
Physical activity offers numerous physiological and psychological benefits for young children; however, many preschool-aged children are not engaging in sufficient activity. The home environment, inclusive of parent role modeling, has been identified as influencing preschoolers' physical activity.
Children's health behaviors are formed at an early age and many of these behaviors are largely under the influence of their parents. In fact, the family unit is particularly important for the development of young children's activity-related attitudes, beliefs, preferences, and behaviors. In addition to parental control over children's behaviors and colleagues purported that family-related variables correlate strongly with children's physical activity habits. Specifically, physical activity participation among preschool-aged children is strongly associated with parental physical activity
behaviors and prompts from adult. Moreover, the home environment itself (e.g., rules regarding activity, accessibility of play spaces, etc.) has also been acknowledged as impacting physical activity participation among young children, accounting for 16% of the variance in physical activity levels. Therefore, parental role modeling and the home environment are important influences on the physical activity behaviors of preschool-aged children.
The impact of mass media on the behavior of a child
Mass media is generally regarded as the means through which a large heterogeneous people can be reached at specific time for the purpose of information dissemination. There are various media of communication ranging from household electronics such as television and radio to print media like newspapers, magazines, journals, etc. Office and mobile equipment’s such as telephones, Internet and E-mail, Fax machine, etc. Since this study focuses on the impact of mass media on children upbringing, it would focus more on the television programs that children devote their time to watch since it is much easier for them to have access to this medium of communication than others already mentioned. Mass media (such as newspapers, magazines, comic books, radio, video games, movies, and especially television) present a very different form of socialization than any other, because they offer no opportunity for interaction. Television has an influence on children from a very young age and affects their cognitive and social development. While watching, children have the feeling that they’re interacting, but they’re not. Since the average child watches 3 to 4 hours of television a day, the time left for playing with others and learning social skills is drastically reduced. Of course, parents can control the time their children spend watching television, but many don’t. They don’t make children aware that when one program ends, they can either weigh the various merits of the next offerings or turn the set off. This is where parent education could be effective Children learn through watching television. Some of the things they learn are beneficial; others are not. They learn about the world and the ways of the society. They learn something about occupations, for example, getting an idea about what a nurse does, what a doctor does, and how the two relate to each other. They learn about the institutions of the society; what goes on in court, for example. They learn the language to go with these roles and settings and they also learn some things you would rather they didn’t know! Children also learn about current themes and issues, both from newscasts and drama; issues such as kidnapping, the homeless, and the spread of AIDS. Most of these issues and themes are not happy ones, and many are very frightening, especially when children watch programs that are intended for adults.
Statement of the Problem
Mass media, as generally known, is a means through which a large heterogeneous people can be reached for the purpose of information dissemination at a specific time. There are two sides to this; this means that as mass media has so many advantages, even so it does have its disadvantages too. People truly have access to important information through mass media even at the comfort of their homes, not only that, children also learn so many things from the educative programs that are being transmitted on the television or radio or those that are published on the papers like magazines, newspapers, journals, etc. However, if children’s exposure to media contents are not properly monitored and controlled by parents and guardians, they can also learn so many bad things from media contents as well. The focus of this study is the impact of mass media on children upbringing; whether the media contents, more especially television programs as the main focal point, have impact on children upbringing.
The need for pre-school education including the aims of objectives of pre-school education
Little kids are the blooming buds of our society, and therefore, it becomes important to nurture these young minds so that they become responsible citizens tomorrow. Hence, it is necessary to start molding these kids right from childhood to help them identify the good and the bad, make them understand cultural differences and form a foundation which will help them in their life journey. The young brains are more susceptible to danger if not given appropriate guidance and hence it is necessary to teach them the right things to have a more fruitful future.
When the kids are young, they are curious about every new thing they see, every new word, and often have unlimited questions for every unique experience they go through. Enrolling a child in a school or club makes him/her adapt to new surroundings and also contributes to overall development. The early childhood education is aimed at making the child independent, creating a positive and well-balanced self-image and developing intellectual abilities. It also has a few other objectives that are listed below.
Fosters Socializing Skills. Early childhood education aims to develop friendships among children belonging to the same age group. These schools provide the kids with an environment that encourages interaction with other kids, builds strong friendships, and also helps them come out of their comfort zones. As a result, a child can overcome his/her shyness and mingle with others thus promoting social development.
Promotes Holistic Development. Education in early days guarantees all round development of the child. The environment in such schools lays the foundation for a kid's physical, social, emotional and mental development which are crucial factors for later stages in life. As a kid gets an environment where he/she can freely express ideas and feelings, it helps to identify the weak areas of the child and also determine what steps must be taken or what support should be given to overcome those weaknesses.
Teaches the Kids to Respect. The kids often try to emulate the behavior they observe. When they observe positive and respectful relationships between their parents or different teachers and the caretakers at school, they will simply try to follow the same. Infant education instills in the kids the necessity of respecting the feelings of other toddlers, their surroundings as well as listening to instructions from the teacher. It also teaches them to handle their belongings properly and not damage them.
Develops Sharing and Team Work Attitude. Early education ensures that the child learns to co-operate and share his/her belongings with others. It might happen that a child does not share toys with his/her sibling at home and just fiercely opposes the idea at school during the first few days. Though it might get difficult to convince a stubborn child, it is essential that he/she learns the art of sharing at an early age. Also, the activities in these schools are aimed at building an ability to respect the opinion of others, develop listening skills and promote teamwork. Apart from this, these schools teach resilience to kids through experiences. A child may lose in a race or get minor bruises, but it may teach the kid how to cope with greater challenges in life. Early childhood education involves a lot more than just play and fun learning. It teaches the children basic education and inculcates life skills through active and hands-on experiences. It also develops positive self-esteem, love for learning and mutual respect for others.
The role of parent and teacher in educating the child during the early years
School, teachers and parents play vital role in holistic development of the child. Parents are the first mentor of the child and the teacher is the second. Both have an immense contribution and responsibility in shaping child’s personality.
Role of parents: Parents are the child’s first role model. Children behave, react and imitate same as their parents. Parents play important role in encouraging and motivating their kids to learn. Good parental support helps child to be positive, healthy and good life long learner. Children acquire skills at the very early stage of their life if the parents are responsive and understanding.
Generally, going to a play school is the first time a child gets out of the comfort zone of the house & from the protective shadow of their parents. It is also the parent’s first experience of letting the child away from them, even if for a while. Enabling this transition smoothly is the primary & defining mark of any play school. It facilitates learning away from the children. However, it does not by any means, mean that parents cease to play a role in this learning. They still remain the active facilitators of all the needs of a child & continue to guide their actions.
Parents have now come to realize that their roles are not limited to performing certain important tasks; active participation in the education of their child, by parents, enables the child to extend their learning beyond the walls off the classroom. Children feel more confident in their outlook towards classroom learning, and active participation on part of parents gives them an incentive to learn better. Also, this close proximity makes the child more confident & happier.
Parents play the role of a catalyst that might not be so apparent initially. They engage with their children on a daily basis about the experience of a child in the classroom. This helps in enabling them to understand the behavior of their child, and establish a pattern as to what their child is learning and practicing. This also helps them to understand the areas where the child needs to work on or what are her strong areas. Engaging in such active participation in the lives of their child is beneficial and comforting for the child himself; children can open up to their parents in a manner they cannot open up to anyone else. The insecurities or peer pressure in a classroom subsides in the company of parents, and they can really open up.
Parents involving themselves with the process of their child’s education also helps in improving the abilities of the child. Astute parenting promotes dialogue with school teachers on a regular basis and get a sense of the classroom that their child is a part of. This helps them in creating situations deliberately at home for the betterment of their child; they can facilitate the process from learning to experiencing.
Role of Teachers: Major challenges for teachers are to nurture children’s learning and give him various experiences to face this challenging world. She molds the child to be a responsible and independent learner. Teacher is the first person from whom child learns his social skills in school. Teachers make him comfortable and guide him the early concepts and developmental skills of life. Open minded, well balanced and a planned teacher has a great power to bring a positive change in the child’s development. As the child grows and develops mastery in different skills, teacher becomes a real guide in nurturing his interest and learning to make him more independent.
Teaching in a preschool or kindergarten classroom is challenging. It is physically demanding because there is rarely a moment to sit down. It is mentally and emotionally demanding because it requires that you be constantly alert and always searching for ways to extend the children’s discoveries and enhance their learning. Teaching young children can be more difficult and demanding than teaching older children! It is also tremendously rewarding when you see young children develop into in.
The following is a list of roles that teachers of young children must assume in order to provide quality learning experiences.
Your first and most important job is to plan and prepare the environment for learning. Because young children learn through play, it is essential that you provide the materials and equipment necessary for meaningful play activities that support the development of multiple intelligences. The classroom and the outdoor area must be set up with care so that the children will find interesting, stimulating, meaningful, and challenging things to do in an atmosphere that is orderly, safe, and has a sense of purpose. Young children also learn best when they feel emotionally safe and supported. When planning your classroom, always keep in mind the children’s ethnicities, cultures, languages, and differing abilities. In such a carefully planned learning environment, children will learn that school is a happy, safe, and interesting place in which they can explore, discover, and learn about themselves and the world around them.
When the planning and preparation are finished and children arrive for the day, your role shifts to that of a facilitator. It is your job to make sure that every child has the opportunity to experience success and learn according to individual needs, styles, and levels of ability. Move about the classroom and the outdoor area while the children are playing. Watch, listen, and talk with the children during their play. Ask open-ended questions to help children extend their thinking and stretch their vocabulary. Open-ended questions are those with many possible answers.
The children’s playtime is also a time for you to Observe each child carefully. Through careful observation of children at work and play, you can begin to see which skills they have mastered and which skills need additional reinforcement. Your observations can give you insight into which intelligences are used more than others by a particular child. They may also raise your awareness of a child’s cultural, linguistic, or developmental needs. These observations will help you plan for the next day or week.
Social skills such as cooperating, getting along with others, and communicating effectively to solve problems can be modeled through actions and words. You will be teaching politeness and courtesy when you say “please” and “thank you” to the children and to other adults in the room. When you look at your lesson plans or read a note from a parent, you are modeling the importance of reading and writing. When you wipe up a spill or help put the blocks back on the shelf at clean-up time, you are showing by example that taking care of the classroom and keeping it neat and orderly are important things to do. When you’re feeling upset or angry, you can teach children how to deal with strong emotions by expressing your feelings in a socially acceptable way. Modeling is a very powerful teaching technique. It’s amazing how quickly you will begin hearing your own words and seeing your own actions reflected in the children’s behavior.
The concept of child right in the Maldives
Regardless of these successes, however, in the Maldives, many children are still forced to grow up too fast. The country’s wide geographic dispersion sets some families hundreds of miles from the capital, separating communities by a vast distance and at times, a rough expanse of sea. Because of this, some spend their childhoods in remote island communities, far from the systems designed to protect them. Others grow up in one of the most densely populated cities in the world, the Maldivian capital of Malé. And some, especially the adolescents, migrate from small islands to large ones, hoping to attend a secondary school with more diverse classes. Each reality can place children at risk of exploitation, at times funneling them into drug abuse and crime. Since 1978, UNICEF has protected children from violence in the Maldives. Today, we are working at several levels to ensure every child is protected from violence and exploitation.
Protecting children in their communities
At the community level, UNICEF works with the Government of Maldives to coordinate Community Social Groups (CSGs) in five atolls of the country. Instead of working in a silo, members of CSGs can coordinate with people across multiple sectors – including the police force, health providers, the school system, social services, and the local government – to strengthen their support for children experiencing abuse and exploitation. The government is now expanding CSGs to islands across the country, and by the end of 2019, hopes to have CSGs active in at least half of Maldives. UNICEF supports this effort by training, monitoring and strengthening CSGs in each community.
Creating referral mechanisms
UNICEF helps children and adults report child abuse cases no matter where they live. We launched a hotline and the “Ahan (Listen to Us)” smartphone application, the latter of which allows people to report abuse at the click of a button. The application also helps people access information on each island’s protection resources, and contains the contact information of local representatives. We promoted the application and the hotline through mass and social media to encourage usage, and since then, both children and adults have utilized these resources to report abuse.
Boosting knowledge at the local and national level
At times, it can be difficult to understand the realities of child abuse and the challenges faced by children in conflict with the law. UNICEF works to bridge the gap between children and decision-makers by training all those involved, including police officers, social workers, prosecutors, judges and magistrates, teachers and case workers at the Juvenile Justice Unit. By training these individuals, we are strengthening their capacity for preventing, protecting and responding to cases of violence against children, juvenile crime and drug abuse. We also promote the use of restorative justice as opposed to punitive approaches, particularly when it comes to children in conflict with the law.
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